Athena Review 

Guide to Archaeology on the Internet

Sites on sites

Archaeology and history share an attachment to visual evidence, making the web a near-perfect medium for gathering primary information on these subjects. Whether your aim is casual browsing or methodical research, the combination of graphic images and multitudes of on-line sources and databases provides fruitful grounds for exploration.

Sources are alphabeticized below in two basic groupings: a) general topics; b) links by country. (Please note: reorganizing and adding to these pages is an ongoing process: send email with your suggestions for links.)

Anglo-Saxons and Dark Ages:

• Canterbury Archaeological Trust   A source of  Canterbury site reports from 1985 onwards.
• Current Archaeology Online from the UK.
• Ða Engliscan Gesiþas  Home page of a British historical society devoted to Anglo-Saxon England; with much interesting  content.
• Electronic Beowulf    The Old English epic, from the British Library and the University of Kentucky.
• Germanic Heritage Page  Folklore, history, literature, and religion of northern European cultures.
• Germanic Tribes   historical summary of the migrations of the Franks, Angles, Saxons, Goths, Vandals, and Lombards at the end of the Roman Empire.
• Labyrinth  A comprehensive site on Medieval literature and history, hosted at Georgetown University.
• Map of Anglo-Saxon England  Showing major sites and boundaries; also from the Georgetown University site.
• Medieval Links at Rutgers University
• Medieval Sourcebook: Bede: The Conversion of England   from a large gateway site by Paul Halsall at Fordham University.
• Old English Pages     The literature of Anglo-Saxon England, by Cathy Ball at Georgetown University, Dept. of Linguistics.
• Paulus Diaconus: Gentis Langobardum  An early (7th c AD) source on the Langobards.
• The Dark Age Web   A culture-by-culture summary of the post-Roman world in Europe.
• Secrets of the Norman Invasion   History, resistivity surveys, aerial photos, the Bayeux Tapestry, and a few controversial theories.

Britain: Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Roman

• Ancient Landscapes    Maps of ancient land use and field boundaries in Britain by the School of Information Systems at the University of East Anglia, Norwich.
• Buckland Rings  Report on a geophysical survey by English Heritage.
• Caistor St. Edmund  The Roman walled town and Anglo-Saxon cemetery near Norwich.
• Council for British Archaeology    Home page, linking to the Council's electronic journal Internet Archaeology.
• Lockington Barrow  Recent find of an Early Bronze Age burial mound (2100-1600 BC) in north-west Leicestershire. Site plans and photos of artifacts including two gold armlets, a copper dagger, and two pottery vessels, from a barrow near the village of Lockington.
• MegaLithic  Hundreds of images of Bronze and Iron Age ritual monuments in the UK, listed by region.
• South Cadbury Castle  Hillfort in Somerset from the Late Iron Age through the Arthurian period; excavated in the 1960's and 70's, but only recently published.
• Roman Military Sites of England  Photos, discussion, and links.
• Winterstoke Project   University of Bristol Department of Archaeology. Ongoing surveys of Neolithic, Iron Age, Roman, and Early Christian settlements in Avon.
• Wroxeter Hinterland Project  University of Birmingham Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping project in Shropshire, around the major Romano-British town of Viroconium.

for more detailed listings, see Romano-British Sites and Museums:

•  1) Forts and Military Sites
•  2) Towns and Villas of Roman Britain

Celts:

• ABC of Barbarian tribes  From the Danube to the Irish Sea.
• Celtic and Prehistoric Museum  located in Kilvicadownig, Ventry, Dingle, Co. Kerry, Ireland.
• Celtic Art and Cultures  A course syllabus at the University of North Carolina.
• Ceolas: Celtic Music  Folk music from ancient Celtic areas, with an emphasis on modern performers.
• Encyclopedia of the Celts  Based on quotations from literature, myth, legend, fiction and history.
• Gaelic home page  Celtic linguistics, with references to ancient sources.
• Resources for Celtic Mythology and Early Irish Literature  A page of links to Gaelic texts and mythology sources, from Richard Stockton College in Pomona, New Jersey.

Egypt:

• Abu Simbel   A "virtual" tour of the Great Temple.
• Cleopatra, the last Pharaoh   an essay with links.
• Egyptian Museum   in Cairo. The home of ancient Egyptian displays.
• House of Ptolemy  Portal site to Ptolemaic and Byzantine Egypt.
• Louvre Museum   Egyptian and Coptic exhibits, in the Paris museum
• Meidum Pyramid  a "virtual" trip inside this early pyramid
• Metropolitan Museum   Ancient Egyptian collections, in New York.
• Middle Egyptian  On the hieroglyphic texts, with links.
• Paankhenamun: Evaluation of an Ancient Egyptian Mummy   3-D cat-scan display and discussion by medical scientists.
• Pharaonic Village  web displays of a reenactment of ancient Egyptian life.
• Royal Tombs of the New Kingdom  An essay with links to graphic displays and tomb plans, including Museum of Natural History in New York.
• Sphinx  Views of the immortal statue guarding the Pyramids of Giza, and restoration information.
• Step Pyramid of Djoser  a clickable plan from the University of Pennsylvania.
• Tel-El-Amarna    the M.A. Mansoor collection.
• University of Cambridge, Newton Institute    Egyptology Resources, and links.
• University of Memphis  Institute of Egyptian Art and Archaeology.
• Waseda University Egyptian Center   archaeology projects by a Japanese university.

Egyptian Papyrus sources:

Well-preserved papyrus documents recovered after 1880 from archaeological sites around  the Nile Delta offer a detailed window into the daily life of ancient Egyptians from Hellenistic and Roman through Byzantine and early Islamic times (about 350 BC-AD 1000). Most are in Greek and Coptic, with later examples in Arabic; subjects range from personal letters to legal, financial, and religious documents. A recent project, the Advanced Papyrological Information System (APIS), has linked efforts at several major universities  to conserve, classify, and publish their collections of papyri documents. Now, as never before, these primary research materials are available to everybody.

• Carlsberg Papyrus Collection     Significant groups of 1-2nd c.AD texts from the Tebtunis Temple Library, excavated in 1930, plus material from Hawara and Edfu, at the Carsten Niebuhr Institute at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
• Duke Papyrus Archive   Descriptions and images of 1,373 papyri from ancient Egypt. A tremendous research site hosted through the Special Collections Library at Duke University.
• Institut fuer Papyrologie   Listings with images by chronological period, from the collection at the University of Heidelberg, Germany.
• Princeton University Library Papyrus Home Page   Besides some high-quality digital images of fragments from Homer, the New Testament, and ancient tax rolls, this website contains a descriptive inventory on sources, conservation methods, and contents of Princeton's papyri, some of which came from Oxyrhynchus in the Egyptian Fayum. Hosted by the Department of Rare Books and Special Collections.
• University of .California Tebtunis Papyri   Over 21,000 papyrus fragments from a single Egyptian site, Tebtunis, recovered in 1899-1900 by the British archaeologists Grenfell and Hunt, are at the University of California. This website from the Bancroft Library at Berkeley features related groups of correspondence and other documents.
• University of Michigan Papyrus Collection   Another large research collection, including materials from Tebtunis, forming part of the APIS database.

Greek and Latin texts:

• American Society of Greek and Latin Epigraphy   A number of well-organized links to images and texts of inscriptions.
• Ancient History Sourcebook   Links to many basic sources compiled by Paul Halsall, and hosted at Fordham University.
• Bibliotheca Augustina   Well-organized site from Augsburg with a wealth of ancient and medieval writings arranged chronologically by region (ie., the earliest-known French text, Serments de Strassburg, AD 842), with illustrations of inscriptions.
• Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL)   The major epigraphic source originally compiled by Mommsen and his associates in the late19th century, provided by the Seminar for Ancient History at Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt.
• Forum Romanum   Latin-English collection of ancient literature.
• Gnomon   Latin Inscriptions from the Epigraphic Database at Heidelberg University.
• Inscriptions from the Land of Israel    Writings from Israel from 330 BC - AD 614 in Hebrew, Aramaic, Latin, and Greek; an ongoing project from the University of Virginia.
• Internet Classics Archive    A searchable Classics archive at MIT.
• Lacus Curtius   The full text of Pliny's Natural History, plus links to Roman inscriptions (and much else Roman).
• Latin Library   From the Ad Fontes Academy, texts from dozens of ancient and Medieval writers, from Apuleius to Vergil.
• Latin Online  Oriented towards learning the Latin language, with teaching programs and readings.
• Perseus Project   Works by Caesar, Catullus, Cicero, Horace, Livy, Ovid, Plautus, Servius, and Vergil in Latin (with some English translations) at the Perseus site from Tufts University.  
• Project Libellus   Latin and Greek texts online, from the University of Washington at Seattle.

Medieval texts and links:

• Armarium Labyrinthi    The Labyrinth Latin Bookcase; Medieval and Roman sources from Georgetown University.
• Byzantine and Medieval History Sourcebook  Organized by Paul Halsall, from Fordham University.
• Bibliotheca Latina      A library of ancient, Medieval, and scholastic Latin literature from the Classics Teachers' Association at the University of Wisconsin.
• Il Medioevo di Internet  essay from University of Florence, Italy (essay in Italian, link descriptions in English )
• Medieval Links   at Rutgers University
• More Medieval Links
• Online Medieval and Classical Library   Sagas, chronicles, and heroic poems from the Digital Library at Berkeley  (University of California) .
• Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies   An encyclopedic site, ORB is  written and maintained by medieval scholars for instructors and students.

Mesoamerican sites:

• An Introduction to Pre-Colombian Art
• Edgar's Mesoamerican Art Page a large and informative site
• Pre-Colombian History
• Mayaruins.com  a photographic tour of various sites.
• Mayan Epigraphic Database Project

Paleoanthropology and paleontology:

• Archaeological Research on Late Paleoindian site at La Martre, Gaspé Peninsula  field reports from the University of Montreal's Department of Anthropology.
• The Bioanthropology Foundation   Out of the British isles.
• Course syllabus in biomolecular archaeology: University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology
• Gesher Benot Ya'aqov  Offical website for the Israeli project.
• La Brea Tar Pits Museum Site
• Neanderthals: A Cyber Perspective A comprehensive site.
• North American Prehistory: A site of links on various Paleoindian topics.
• Paleoindian Links A scholar's compilation of all things Paleoindian.
• Pleistocene Animals of the Midwestern U.S. from the Illinois State Museum website.
• The Pleistocene From Univ. of California at Berkeley.
• The Paleoindian Period From the Florida State Bureau of Archaeological Resources.
• Primatology Links By Dr. Formenti, PhD.
• Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center News Releases. Great resource for research - especially for students.

Geoarchaeology:

•  Obsidian Sourcing   Discusses how tracing obsidian artifacts back to their geological source is useful to archaeologists, offers details about the MinOAN obsidian reference collection, and describes how archaeologists can have obsidian artifacts sourced non-destructively for free. 

• Electron Microprobe Analysis in Archaeology  Discusses how a major analytical technique in geology can be used in archaeology, covers the history of this technique in archaeological research, and offers examples of analyzed artifacts and a gallery. 

•  What is Petroarchaeology? Discusses the nature of petroarchaeology and how petrography can be used to address archaeological questions, describes topics and tools of the field, and offers a list of suggested readings. 

• Geoarchaeology and Archaeological Geology A frequently updated database of studentships, grants, fellowships, and funding for graduate students wanting to study topics in geoarchaeology or archaeological geology. 

Roman Empire (general):

• Britannia   Many links to Roman Britain and Gaul from the Dalton School of Columbia University in New York City, with informative site descriptions.
• Lacus Curtius   Links around the Empire in an encyclopedic site hosted by Bill Thayer at the University of Kansas.
• legio X Gemina     An interesting Roman military history and reenactment site.
• livius.org    an excellent collection of linked descriptive essays on the Roman world
• Pomoerium  A German on-line journal with a wide array of links to Classic sources, as well as extensive bibliographic listings.
• Rassegna   A wide array of subjects on Roman and Greek antiquity from the University of Bologna's Department.of Ancient History (descriptions in Italian, with some headings in English).
• Roman orgy  On ancient Roman cooking - recipes from chicken to artichokes
• ROMARCH   A major collection of Ancient Roman resources.
• VRoma A very informative site.
• Ancient Mediterranean   Links to Near Eastern, Greek, and Roman web sites from St. Olaf College in Minneapolis.

Vikings:

• Árni Magnússon Institute  in Reykjavík, Iceland. Árni Magnússon (1663-1730), an Icelander and professor at the University of Copenhagen, had a major collection of Medieval Icelandic manuscripts, now in the Arnamagnæan Foundation. Examples include the 12 c. AD  Íslendingabók (Book of the Icelanders), and early versions of the Kings Saga, containing Viking history and legend.
• Frojel Discovery Program   Recent (1987-90 and 1998-9) excavations at Fröjel, a large trading center in Gotland, Sweden.
• Gesta Normanorum  English translation of a Medieval manuscript on Viking Normandy by Dudo of St. Quentin.
• History of Norway  Produced for the Nowegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Nytt fra Norge.
• Jorvik Viking Centre  The official, on-the-spot guide to Viking York (Jorvik) in northern England.
• Legends: Sagas and Sea Kings  Links and sagas, including the 13th century epic of Sigurd the Volsung (dragon-killer).
• LinkVik histoire   A collection of Viking and related history links from the Gymnase Cantonal du Bugnona in Switzerland.
• Nordic Museum Links  For Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.
• Norse Mythology Webpage  Summary and explanations of myths, legends, and history, including the poetic Edda.
• Old Norse Manuscripts in Copenhagen   History and sample images, from  the Arnamagnæan Institute.
• The Viking Age  A bit of Swedish (and Scandinavic) history, from Lulea University in Sweden.
• Vikings  an illustrated summary of Vikings in England in several parts, including a history of Viking boats.
• Viking Heritage   A site from the Center for Baltic Studies at Gotland University College in Sweden.
• Viking Home Page   A large, useful index f rom Sweden on all things Viking.
• Vikings in the New World    Historical summary with maps, covering the Greenland and Newfoundland colonies.
• Viking Longship   An article in the Feb. 1998 Scientific American on the history of Viking ships.
• Viking Mythology  from the Dept. of Germanic Languages, University of Pittsburgh.
• Viking Network Web   also from Norway.
• West Iceland mythology and sagas   Notes on the immortal skald Snorri Sturluson (1179-1241), plus sagas from 850-1100 AD, including Egil's Saga, the Edda, and Laxdela (a Viking tale with a woman in the hero's role).
• World of the Vikings   Comprehensive guide to Viking resources on the internet.

Worldwide links in archaeology, history,& classics (by country)

Mostly universities and museums, also libraries, townships, and secondary schools. Check university and museum sites for conference listings, excavation reports, and other clues to new and ongoing finds in history and archaeology. Go to library listings for journals.  Also included are a number of useful remote sensing and map sites.

Argentina:

• Museo de La Plata    A large natural science museum with displays in ethnography and archaeology (northeast Argentina, Andes, and Egyptian civilizations), as well as zoology  and paleontology.
• Universidad Nacional de Quilmes   Links to Charles Darwin and other aspects of Argentinian science; from the Instituto de Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (IEC)

Australia:

• University of Queensland - course in history of engineering, related to Roman aqueducts
• University of Sydney  course

Belgium

• University of Liege    
• Archeologie   listings

Brazil:

• Cultura indigina  Brief descriptions with photos of numerous Amazonian tribal groups: Arara, Bororo, Gaviao, Guajá, Katukina, Kalina, Marubo, Paracana, Satere-Maue, Surui, Tenharim, Tikuna, Tucano, Urubu, Waiapi, Wai Wai, Yanomami, Zorós.
• Dicionário Tupi   A basic vocabulary of Tupi-Guarani, lingua franca of the Amazon trade routes;  with  O Brazil Indigina.
• Historia Antiga e Arqueologia: Publições  Ancient history and archaeology, maintained at the University (UNESP) at Assis.
• Indios Baniwa    Brief summary of an upriver tribe on the Rio Icana, off the Rio Negro, 1500 km from Manaus  (in Portuguese).
• Museu do Indio   Founded in 1953, the Museum of the Indian has exhibits on 180 indigenous societies in Brazil. The site provides an introduction to Brazil's museums as well as links to other cultural sites.  A natural history museum in Belém founded in 1866 and named for primatologist Emil A. Goeldi (1958-1917), with exhibits on
• Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi ethnography, archaeology, botany, and zoology.
• Niede Guidon   Home page of the archaeologist who discovered the Paleoindian site at Pedra Furada, and continues to work at
• Plantas medicinas  from CIAGRI - the agricultural College at the University of Sao Paulo  (Centro de Informática do Campus   "Luiz de Queiroz")
• Revista Ciencia Hoje   A science journal with information about several archaeological sites and regions in Brazil, including Prefeitura, Pirinima, and the Santarém culture of the Tapajós River.
• Museu Nacional   Information on the National Museum of Brazil, Universidade Federal do Río de Janiero.
• Xingu- Indios Brasileros   Several linked pages (in Portuguese) on the Xingu tribe, and research by Orlando Villas Boas.
• 3W Geografia  Educational site with many links to tribal descriptions and remote sensing pages.

Bulgaria:

• Pernik District Museum:The site describes the local museum of history.
• Sofia Museums:Presents information on the National Archaeological Museum, the History Museum, and the Art Museum.
• Pre-Roman town:Recent investigations of a Thracian walled town.

Cambodia:

• Cambodia- Angkor links    
• Cambodia Resources Center   From the University of Quebec. 

Canada:

• Memorial University of Newfoundland  Archaeology Unit: Links to Canadian museums, university departments, and archaeology societies.
• Calgary Board of Education   Explorer Sites.
• Classics Resources on the Internet  From the University of Saskatchewan, Department of Classics.
• GeoNews 4
• McGill University  ARCRA
• Musee Canada des Civilizations
• Queens College  Anthropology Web Links
• Resources for Classical and Medieval Studies   From the University of Waterloo in Ontario
• University of British Columbia: Museum of Anthropology
• Webliography for Maps  Links to remote sensing and map sites (many in Canada) from the Mt. Royal College Library in Calgary, Alberta.
• York University  Scholarly references: various research tools

Chile:

• Museo Arqueologico San Miguel de Azapa    Details the museum's exhibit on the Arica site in northern Chile.

China:

• Beijing Art Museum   Calligraphy, painting, weaving and embroideries, porcelain, furniture, ancient coins and artifacts from the Neolithic to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
• Henan Museum  

Colombia:

• Museo Nacional de Colombia    Includes links to Colcultura (Colombian Culture), the Instituto Colombiano de Antropología, and the Revista Colombiana de Antropología.

Cuba:

• Cuba Mega links center

Denmark:

• Roman Britain     Literary and web links.
• Thy Archaeological Project Thy, Denmark

England (UK):

     Museums:

• Ashmolean Museum, Oxford   Brief descriptions of exhibits present and future; maps of museum rooms.
• British Museum  Collections from all over the world, including Stone, Bronze, and Iron Age Britain; Roman Britain; Ancient Greece; Near East; Mesopotamia; Egypt; and China
• Mary Rose Maritime Museum   The English ship sunk in 1545, now Virtually resurrected at Portsmouth.
• Museum of Antiquities, University of Newcastle  Major collections from Hadrian's Wall sites featuring Romano-British sculpture, plus altars from temples including Benwell, and a virtual Mithraeum.
• Museum of London:   Covers ancient to modern times, with major displays from Roman Londinium.
• Reading Museum   The City's museum has large collections from Roman Silchester and the Reading abbey.
• University of Cambridge - The Museum of Classical Archaeology
• Virtual Library of Museums  Detailed lists of exhibits around the UK and elsewhere (hosted at Oxford). Good starting place for museums.

     Universities in England:

• University of Birmingham:  Field Archaeology Unit  Current projects in Britain, Italy, Africa, and the Adriatic.
• University of Bradford  Department of Archaeological Sciences: Ancient metallurgy and modern site survey methods, including topography,  resistivity,  ground- probing radar, and magnetometry.
• University of Cambridge - Faculty of Classics  
• University of Cambridge - Classics Faculty Library  
• University of Durham: Department of Archaeology   Current projects and museum.
• University of Keele   Department of Classics
• University of Oxford   Language and Human Evolution, .
• University of Southhampton: Computer Applications in Archaeology  International conferences on computer hardware, society simulations, GIS, and other quantitative methods.
• University of Staffordshire  Computing Archaeology Research Group, with demos on ground probing radar.

  Secondary Schools:

• St. Peters School, York:  Classics links

 Community websites, news media, and other :

• Archaeological Sites Index     Searchable database of 5,000 archaeological sites
• Ascension Island Links
• BBC: Rome's Neighbors    From Britannia to the Euphrates, a brief summary.
• Bolton Grid for Learning  Links in geography, from a town near Manchester and the county of Lancashire.
• Britannia  Timeline for Britain.
• British Stately Homes and Houses   Travel-oriented website with informative list of mansions with photos.
• Colchester: Medieval Urban History  Origins and early growth, development of local government, buildings and fortifications, economy. Comprehensive site with links, and photos of Castle and half-timbered houses.
• History sites  Resources and archives on local history in north England from The Northeast.com
• Marine Archaeology Home page  On projects in the Azores, with links elsewhere.
• Norwich Old City  Links on British history.
• Norfolk - Bawsey St. James   Presented by Channel 4 Time Team.
• Online History of the Millenium  from the Guardian and Observer. Thought-provoking historical associations, such as when Henry VIII was marrying wife 5 in 1542, Orellana and his expedition were encountering the Amazons.
• Real Romans   Secondary school links in a website from TAG, a UK educational software developer.
• Scientists, Inventors and Explorers   links to many relevant websites, from the Edmonton Green Library, in a town near London.

Estonia:

• Tartu University

Ethiopia:

• Ethiopia Tourism  General outline of history and culture of Ethiopia, with information on several current ethnography and paleoanthropology projects , and photos from Addis Ababa, Lalibela, and Axum, as well as the Rift Valley and wildlife preserves.
• Gondar  A short description on the medieval city of Gondar, with a photo.
• Lalibela   Information on several Ethiopian monasteries, including the famous one at Laibela. The site was created by an Ethiopian student at McGill University in Montreal.

Finland:

• Makupalat historia  Ancient history resources.
• Rio Negro  Personal page on the Brazilian river.
• SKLAS   Society for Classical Archaeology in Finland.
• Where do the Finns Come From? The ethnohistory of Finland by combining the disciplines of bioanthropology, linguistics and archaeology.
• University of Turku  Archaeology and journal listings.

France:

• Académie de Versailles  Classics links.
• Agence Science Presse: Le Cyber Express    Geography and History; Archaeology links
• Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique   Library and bibliography resources on the web: anthropology, archaeology, history, economics, theology.
• Sciences de L'Homme  Archaeology listings from the homocyber site.
• University of Caen  Maps and Images from ancient Rome.

Germany:

• Alte Geschichte - Latin Forum: Ancient History and Classics links (in German)
• Archaeologie Online
• Bavaria - City Library (Munich)   E-journals in Classics and Ancient History
• Berlin - Free University.  Home page.
• Erfurt College of Education   Latin-related links
• Forum Archaeologiae Journal of Classical Archaeology, online since 1996
• Historisches Centrum Hagen
• Leipzig International School  History listings from an exchange program.
• Neanderthal Museum   Exhibits on  Paleolithic life and environment at the Neander Valley in Germany
• South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology The official site for the non Egyptian Mummy, in German and English.
• Technische Universität in Darmstadt. Roman Colosseum images; "CAD in der Architectur - Verweisde im Internet"
• University of Erlangen   Archaeology resources
• University of Göttingen    Listings of journals
• University of Hamburg   Digital Library - list of periodicals on web
• University of Koeln   History Journals guide.
• University of Konstanz Library    Archaeology, ancient history, Byzantine studies
• University of Regensburg Library   Electronic texts in archaeology

Greece:

• Acropolis of Athens  A historical view of the central hilltop sanctuary of Athens, with the Parthenon and Erectheum temples.
• Corinth   The map to monuments and museums of this ancient coastal metropolis near Athens  is easy to navigate, courtesy of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture (whose webpages are typically excellent as learning sites).
• Cultural Map of Greece  With a comprehensive set of links to many important archaeological sites (a good starting place).
• Cyclades   The islands of Santorini, Ios, and Amorgos all had Neolithic settlements producing stylized, abstract figurines, then Bronze Age Palace towns contemporary with Knossos on Crete.  
• Derveni   Late 4th century BC tombs from Macedonia, exhibited at the nearby Thessaloniki Archaeological Museum.
• Heraklion, Crete   Links include the fabled Palace of Minos at Knossos (ca.1800-1200 BC) , the contemporary Minoan-era Palace at Phaistos, and the Heraklion Museum, as well as a number of sites from the Byzantine period.
• Thera   The site of Akrotiri on Thera (Santorini) began by the 4th millenium BC (Neolithic era). It grew as a trading center to have a lavish Bronze-Age Palace, then was buried by an earthquake ca. 1600 BC, perhaps giving rise to the myth of Atlantis.
• Thrace: Democritus University   Anthropology Laboratory with links.

India:

• Forts and Palaces of India  Listed by Discover India, a government tourist agency.
• Taj Mahal   Also from Discover India.

Ireland:

• Classics Eireann
• Discovery Programme  an archaeological research institution, funded by the Heritage Council of Ireland. Several of its projects focus on the late prehistoric period in Ireland (ca 1200 BC to AD 550), including Tara, North Munster, Western stone forts, and the Ballyhoura Hills, with sites in the latter region identified by aerial surveys.
• Dungarvan Museum Society  From Dungarvan in Country Waterford, the Museum's site covers key events in Ireland's past including the famine, military garrisons, and the town's photographic history, as well as geneology.
• Garda Síochána  The Garda Historical Society, devoted to Ireland's National Police Force. See also their Museum.
• Hunt Museum   Archaeology and History museum, in Limerick.
• Irish Archaeology   A page of links, including paths to the Annals of the Four Masters, Navan Fort, and Irish Coins.
• Irish Famine information  A resource site on the Great Famine of 1845-1850, from the Irish National Archives.
• King John's Castle  In the heart of Limerick's medieval core, an extended riverside section is now undergoing restoration. Presented by the Northern Ireland Museums Council.
• Mallow Archaeological & Historical Society  (Cumann Ársaiochta is Staire Mhala) Studies of the area around Mallow in North Cork, with indexes of an annual journal put out by the Society.
• Stone Forts  Standing stones and circles, dolmens and forts, ranging from Carrowmore to Kilclooney, from Tara to Ballycrovane

Israel:  

• Hecht Museum    an archaeological museum in Haifa.
• Israel Bible Museum   Displays on the Old Testament, located in Safad.
• Israel Museum    in Jerusalem. Includes archaeology  from Paleolithic through Roman eras.
• Israel National Museum of Science   in  Haifa, with exhibits from DaVinci to Superhets (ie., early radio).
• Jerusalem Mosaic   a "virtual" tour of the city.
• Kibbutz Ein Dor Archaeological Museum  Artifacts found in the Lower Galilee and the Jezreel Valley tell of the continuity of early settlement from the prehistoric period  up through the Early Arab Period.

Italy:

• University of Bologna  
• Elemond School
• Agraria Verzegnassi  
• Archaeologia Italiana
• Italian Museums
• Università degli Studi di Lecce   Library: electronic periodical listings
• Università degli Studi di Roma   Dipartimento di Studi Orientali   Southeast Asia History links

Japan:

• Shinboro   archaeology listings in Japanese.

Jordan:

• Anthropology links

Kenya:

• National Museum of Kenya:  Awell-produced and rewarding site, with information on regional museums as well as the central museum in Nairobi.

Netherlands:

• ARCHNET: Archaeological Resource Guide for Europe (ARGE). A basic starting point for European archaeology.
• Archaeology
• Discoverer's Web  Abundant information gathered from the web about voyages of discovery and exploration.
• legio X Gemina   Roman military history and reenactment.
• European Archaeology links
• Piracy Links    Cruising the web for buccaneers.

New Zealand:

• Victoria University of Wellington, Department of Classics   Links to research sites and journals.

Norway:

• Faklah - University of Oslo    History links from Faklah, a student research group (in Norwegian).

Russia:

• Excavations in Siberia  Research reports by the Archaeological Resource Facility at the University of California at Berkeley, including newsletter summaries of findings at the Russian sites of Pokrova (3.1) and Daghestan.(3.2).

Scotland:

• Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow  An important museum for sites along the Antonine Wall. Permanent exhibits include Roman Scotland, Egypt, and the explorations of Captain Cook.
• National Museum of Scotland   Covering Scottish prehistory and history, with an extensive Roman collection.
• University of Glasgow, Department of Archaeology   The department's recent excavations at sites ranging from castles to Roman camps, and links to related archaeology web pages.
• Glasgow & Milngavie railway   Detailed maps and recent history of area around Bearsden, a Roman bath site, and Hillfoot, an exposed Antonine Wall section.

Slovenia:

• Oldest musical instrument in the world?  Details on the Neanderthal-age bone with holes which is arguably a flute from over 35,000 years ago, found during cave excavations at Divje Babe I.

South American Languages:

• Ethnologue:  Language Family Index From the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL). This provides detailed language family classifications not only for the Americas, but also for Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Pacific.
• Directorio Dos Grupos de Pesquisa No Brasil   From the linguistic department of Human Science and Society (CNPq) in Brazil, this site provides contact information for various South American linguists.
• Native American Language Center (SSILA)   A bibliographic resource from the University of California at Davis.

[see also language map and summary]

Spain:

• Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Historico (IAPH)  
• Universidad Autonoma de Madrid    Revista de Estudios Ibericos
• University of Barcelona Library     Archeologia per Internet (in Catalan)
• Universidad Complutense de Madrid    Arqueoweb 
• University of Santiago de Compostela Department of Geography and History
• University of Zaragoza Department of Ancient History   Recursos en Internet para la Historia Antigua

Surinam:

• Tropical Rainforest in Surinam    This multi-media page has information on Dutch settlement, the Carib culture, ecology, botany, wildlife, and other aspects of the rainforest.

Sweden:

• Library links: Archaeology and related resources:   Hosted by the Vitterhetsakadamiens bibliotek in Stockholm.
• Linkoping University. British Cultural Studies I   (Prehistory through Anglo-Saxon period).
• Maritime and shipbuilding links

Switzerland:

• Von-info   from Busigny: archaeology links         

Wales:

• Environmental Archaeological Resources   From the Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth.
• University of Wales, Lampeter, Archaeology Department   Welsh archaeology and links.
• Wellcome Museum, Swansea (University of Wales) Featuring the University museum's own collections in the Egypt Centre Wales, with some images.
• University of Wales, Swansea Department of Classics    links by subject.

Zimbabwe:

• Great Zimbabwe    This site provides detaqils about the town of Great Zimbabwe, which flourished between AD 1200-1450.
• Old Bulawayo   A report by the University of Birmingham, UK, describing the University's archaeological project at the Old Buluway, capital of the Ndebele king Lobengula (AD 1870-1881).

USA:

Libraries:

• Library of Congress: Greek and Latin Classics    Detailed listings of history and archaeology resources on the web
• Library of Congress: Classics Professional Resources  
• Burlington, Iowa Public Library     Mississippi River Resources: Images and environmental links.
• Illinois State Museum  Anthropology and Archaeology journals

Secondary Schools (listed by State) and educational services:

• Arizona: Ironwood High School   Exploration Quest.
• California: La Salle High School, Pasadena    Latin homepage, with web resource links
• Connecticut: Pomperaug Regional District, Middlebury & Southbury  Science Fair:  Grade 6 Curriculum links  
• Connecticut: Naugatuck     Geography and Maps, Homework activity web.
• Illinois: Lockport Township High School.  Map and History Links: Social Studies page for high school students.
• Massachusetts: Brookline High School  Ancient Rome Websites, site by Lynne Cohen
• Nebraska: Millard Central Middle School   Ancient Cultures; from the school's Library Media Center.
• New York: Dalton School, Columbia University. Includes Britannia and Gallia, history web pages for high school.
• North Carolina Association of Educators   Archaeology-related Sites; History and Social Studies Research Tools.
• Ohio: Kent City School District      Ancient Rome links (Latin classes)
• Oregon: Jackson Education Service District   History Online: Ancient Rome: For middle and secondary school students.
• Pennsylvania: The Ellis School, Pittsburgh   Links for Latin Students
• Wisconsin: West Bend District   Exploring landforms in the United States
• History and Social Studies for K-12
• Academy OnLine Latin links
• KET Distance Learning
• StudyWeb   History: Ancient Civilizations, Roman empire.
• Oz's Kingdom: A History Teacher's Page
• Universal Edge   Homework help in geography, social studies, and history.

Universities and Colleges:

• Brigham Young University  Geoscience web links
• Carthage College, Kenosha, Wisconsin  Classics and Archaeology courses and links
• City University of New York (CUNY)  Graduate Center Library  Anthropology and Archaeology resources
• Cornell College, Iowa, Department of Classical and Modern Languages   The Emperor Antoninus Pius.
• Columbia University Archaeology Web
• Eastern New Mexico State University
• El Centro College, Dallas, Texas   World History and Civilization Resources online 
• George Mason University, Anthropology Dept.  Anthropologically Related Links
• George Washington University   Post-Colonial Middle Ages course (Engl.113).
• Illinois Wesleyan University, Dept. of Classics  Course links.
• Indiana University
• Louisiana State University Dept. of Horticulture, Baton Rouge. A Sweetpotato Sampler    From germ plasm and DNA to archaeology, everything you need to know about these cultigens.
• Minnesota State University, Mankato        Imaging Radar examples
• North Dakota State University    Sedimentary Geology  course: related links
• Norwich University, Northfield, Vermont  Course on World Warriors (Engl.420A)
• Randolph Macon College, Virginia  Warfare in Antiquity (Dept.Classics course, Honors 214)
• Richland College, Dallas, Texas    Geography 1303 course practice exam (South American links)
• Santa Clara University  Prof. John David Pleins, bookmarks, Dept. of Religion
• Southwest Missouri State University Library   resources in anthropology
• St. Olaf College in Minneapolis  Ancient Mediterranean: Links to Near Eastern, Greek, and Roman web sites, compiled by Dr. K.C. Hanson.
• University of Baltimore   History 310 course by Prof. Ron Legon
• University of California, Berkeley  George and Mary Foster Library; links, journals
• University of California, Davis   Internet Resources in Classical Studies
• University of Cincinnati   Classics course syllabi, by Prof. Mischa Hooker (CL 110, 111, 112)
• University of Hawaii  Faculty page for Prof. Miriam Stark, with information on Lower Mekong Archaeological Project.
• University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Anthropology   Selected Anthropology and Archaeology Resources. Wide-ranging links to primatology sites, archaeology excavation reports, ethnography, and folklore.
• University of Kansas - Graduate Students in Anthropology Dept.  Anthropology Publications listed on internet.
• University of Kansas - Center for Latin American Studies   Bookmarks for Prof. John Hoopes.
• University of Kansas - Ancient Rome Index    Compiled by Bill Thayer.
• University of Kentucky, Classics Department: Diatoma  De Feminis Romanis: The Vindolanda Letters of Claudia Severa. A unique text from Hadrian's Wall.
• University of Louisville Ekstrom Library includes a map site.
• University of New Orleans  Geography Resources.
• University of North Carolina, Charlotte: Library   Anthropology and Archaeology listings.
• University of Pennsylvania  Dept. of Anthropology, Links by Clark Erickson.
• University of North Texas     Extensive listing of history, archaeology, and anthropology journals and links.
• University of Washington H.I.T.L. Human Interface Technology Lab
• University of Wisconsin Deparment of Classics   Classics 322 syllabus
• Utah State University    Art and Architecture links.
• Vanderbilt University Central Library  Resources for Anthropology and Archaeology.
• Washington and Lee University    Sociology and Anthropology Resources on the Internet
• Western Kentucky University   Geography 100 course; Fluvial processes.

General and miscellaneous:

• Anthro Tech    
• Archaeology   Cyberpursuits: various link pages.
• Cataline's Archaeology Page
• Discovering Archaeology Online
• Friends of America's Past Dedicated to promoting and advancing the rights of scientists and the public to learn about America's past.
• Gulliver's Travels  17th-18th century explorations and literary scene.
• Classical Roman Resource Centers  web listings
• Indiana Jones Real-world listings in archaeology.
• Nature Online
• National Geographic Outpost
• Internet Today   TIR Archives.
• Mesa Community Catalog Online: an excellent begining.
• Online Computer Library Center  Calendar listings: historic events
• VRoma  a host of Latin-related links including sculpture and museum displays

Search Engines and basic research tools:

[Some have special listings of archaeology and history journals and related web resources.]

• About.com   Archaeology links by subject and region, compiled by Kris Hirst.
• About.com   Ancient and Classical History, compiled by N.S. Gill. (site was formerly the Mining Co.)
• Alta Vista    In-depth searches for historical links and references.
• ARCHNET   List of archaeology topics; hosted at University of Connecticut.
• ARCHNET    List of journals .
• Internet Ancient History Sourcebook   Links to sources compiled by Paul Halsall, and hosted at Fordham University.
• Dogpile   Combines a number of search engines.
• Excite
• Google  A relatively fast search engine with wide-ranging search powers, and  the most used.
• HotBot   (now, part of the Lycos Network.)
• Infoseek  Main search page (Go.com).
• Infoseek   Archaeology topics
• Links2Go   Customized search listings.
• Lycos   Main search page.
• Lycos   Ancient and Medieval History topics.
• Northern Light   Comprehensive, relatively up-to-date searches.
• Webshed   Anthropology links.
• Yahoo    Main search page.
• Yahoo   Anthropology and Archaeology Journals.
• Yahooligans    Homework page in science, with focus on geography.

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